C# Webdriver Is It Posible to Run the Same Test Again
| Ç | |
|---|---|
| Ç ç | |
| (See below) | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing organization | Latin script |
| Type | Alphabetic and Logographic |
| Language of origin | Onetime Spanish language |
| Phonetic usage | [s] [t͡ʃ] [d͡ʒ] [t͡s] [d͡z] [ç] [ɽ] [ǂ] [θ] [ð] |
| Unicode codepoint | U+00C7, U+00E7 |
| History | |
| Evolution |
|
| Time period | ~900 to present |
| Descendants | None |
| Sisters | None |
| Transliteration equivalents | ch, c, s, ts |
| Variations | (See below) |
| Other | |
| Other letters commonly used with | c, ch, s, ts |
Ç or ç (C-cedilla) is a Latin script letter, used in the Albanian, Azerbaijani cluster, Manx, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Kurdish, Zazaki, and Romance alphabets. Romance languages that employ this letter include Catalan, French, Friulian, Ligurian, Occitan, and Portuguese as a variant of the letter C with a cedilla. It is likewise occasionally used in Crimean Tatar and in Tajik (when written in the Latin script) to stand for the /d͡ʒ/ audio. It is often retained in the spelling of loanwords from whatever of these languages in English language, Basque, Dutch, Spanish and other Latin script spelled languages.
It was starting time used for the sound of the voiceless alveolar affricate /t͡s/ in Erstwhile Castilian and stems from the Visigothic form of the letter z (Ꝣ). The phoneme originated in Vulgar Latin from the palatalization of the plosives /t/ and /chiliad/ in some weather. Later, /t͡s/ changed into /s/ in many Romance languages and dialects. Spanish has not used the symbol since an orthographic reform in the 18th century (which replaced ç with the now-devoiced z), but information technology was adopted for writing other languages.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, /ç/ represents the voiceless palatal fricative.
Usage as a letter variant in various languages [edit]
Development from Visigoth Z to modernistic Ç.
In many languages, ⟨ç⟩ represents the "soft" sound /s/ where a ⟨c⟩ would unremarkably correspond the "hard" sound /k/. These include:
- Catalan. Known as ce trencada ('cleaved C') in this language, where it tin be used before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ or at the end of a give-and-take. Some examples of words with ⟨ç⟩ are amenaça ('menace'), torçat ('twisted'), xoriço ('chorizo'), forçut ('stiff'), dolç ('sweet') and caça ('hunting'). A well-known give-and-take with this character is Barça, a common Catalan clipping of Futbol Gild Barcelona.
- French (cé cédille): français ('French'), garçon ('boy'), façade ('frontage'), grinçant ('squeaking'), leçon ('lesson'), reçu ('received' [past participle]). French does not use the character at the cease of a give-and-take only it can occur at the beginning of a word (e.grand., ça, 'that').[i] It is never used in French where C would announce /s/.
- Occitan (ce cedilha): torçut ('twisted'), çò ('this'), ça que la ('nevertheless'), braç ('arm'), brèç ('cradle'), voraç ('voracious'). Information technology can occur at the beginning of a word.
- Portuguese (cê-cedilha, cê de cedilha or cê cedilhado): it is used before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩: taça ('cup'), braço ('arm'), açúcar ('sugar'). Modern Portuguese does not use the graphic symbol at the first or at the cease of a word (the nickname for Conceição is São, not Ção). According to a Portuguese grammar written in 1550, the letter ç had the sound of /dz/ around that time. Another grammar written around 1700 would say that the letter of the alphabet ç sounds like /south/, which shows a phonetic evolution that is however valid today.
- Old Spanish used ç to represent /t͡s/ before /a/, /o/, /u/. It too represented /d͡z/ allophonically when it occurred before a voiced consonant.
- Early Modern Spanish used the letter ç to represent either /θ/ or /s/ before /a/, /o/, and /u/ in much the same way as Modern Spanish uses the letter z. Centre Spanish Spanish pronounced ç every bit /θ/, or equally /ð/ before a voiced consonant. Andalusian, Canarian, and Latin American Spanish pronounced ç as /s/, or every bit /z/ before a voiced consonant. A spelling reform in the 18th century eliminated ç from Spanish orthography.
In other languages, it represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/ (like ⟨ch⟩ in English chalk):
- Friulian (c cun cedilie) before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ or at the cease of a word.
- Turkish and Azerbaijani alphabets: çelik ('steel') and çamur ('mud').
In Manx, it is used in the digraph ⟨çh⟩, which likewise represents /t͡ʃ/, to differentiate it from normal ⟨ch⟩, which represents /x/.
In loanwords merely [edit]
- In Basque, ⟨ç⟩ (known as ze hautsia) is used in the loanword curaçao.
- In Dutch, information technology can exist found in some words from French and Portuguese, such as façade, reçu, Provençaals and Curaçao.
- In English, ⟨ç⟩ is used in loanwords such as façade and limaçon (although the cedilla marker is often dropped: ⟨facade⟩, ⟨limacon⟩).
- In modern Spanish it can announced in loanwords, especially in Catalan proper nouns.
Usage equally a separate letter in various languages [edit]
It represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/ in the post-obit languages:
- the 4th letter of the Albanian alphabet.
- the 4th letter of the Azeri alphabet.
- the fifth letter of the alphabet of the Tatar alphabet (based on Zamanälif).
- the 4th letter of the alphabet of the Turkish alphabet.
- the 3rd alphabetic character of the Turkmen alphabet.
- the 4th letter of the Kurmanji alphabet (also known as Northern Kurdish).
- the quaternary alphabetic character of the Zazaki alphabet.
In the 2020 version of the Latin Kazakh Alphabet, the letter represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /tɕ/, which is similar to /t͡ʃ/.
Information technology previously represented a voiceless palatal click /ǂ/ in Juǀʼhoansi and Naro, though the former has replaced it with ⟨ǂ⟩ and the latter with ⟨tc⟩.
The similarly shaped letter the (Ҫ ҫ) is used in the Cyrillic alphabets of Bashkir and Chuvash to represent /θ/ and /ɕ/, respectively.
It also represents the retroflex flap /ɽ/ in the Rohingya Latin alphabet.
Janalif uses this letter to represent the voiced postalveolar affricate /d͡ʒ/
Old Malay uses ç to represent /dʒ/ and /ɲ/.
Calculator [edit]
| Preview | Ç | ç | Ꝣ | ꝣ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode proper noun | LATIN CAPITAL Letter of the alphabet C WITH CEDILLA | LATIN SMALL Letter C WITH CEDILLA | LATIN Majuscule VISIGOTHIC Z | LATIN Small Alphabetic character VISIGOTHIC Z | ||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | december | hex | dec | hex | december | hex |
| Unicode | 199 | U+00C7 | 231 | U+00E7 | 42850 | U+A762 | 42851 | U+A763 |
| UTF-8 | 195 135 | C3 87 | 195 167 | C3 A7 | 234 157 162 | EA 9D A2 | 234 157 163 | EA 9D A3 |
| Numeric grapheme reference | Ç | Ç | ç | ç | Ꝣ | Ꝣ | ꝣ | ꝣ |
| Named character reference | Ç | ç | ||||||
Input [edit]
On Albanian, Belgian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish and Italian keyboards, Ç is directly available equally a split key; even so, on near other keyboards, including the U.s. and British keyboard, a combination of keys must be used:
- In the US-International keyboard layout, these are ' followed by either C or ⇧ Shift+C. Alternatively one may press AltGr+, or AltGr+⇧ Shift+,.
- In classic Mac OS and macOS, these are ⌥ Opt+C and ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+C for lower- and uppercase, respectively.
- In the X Window System and many Unix consoles, i presses sequentially Compose, , and either C or ⇧ Shift+C. Alternatively, one may press AltGr+= then either C or ⇧ Shift+C.
- In Microsoft Windows, these are Alt+0 2 3 1 or Alt+one three v for lowercase and Alt+0 1 nine ix or Alt+1 2 8 for uppercase.
- In Microsoft Word, these are Ctrl+, and then either C or ⇧ Shift+C.
- The HTML grapheme entity references are
çandÇfor lower- and upper-case letter, respectively. - In TeX and LaTeX,
\cis used for adding the cedilla accent to a letter, so\c{c}produces "ç".
Encounter also [edit]
- Ҹ
References [edit]
- ^ The Académie Française online dictionary also gives çà and çûdra.
 | Look up Ç or ç in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87
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